The Windy.app Meteorological Textbook for better weather forecasting

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What affects the weather on your favorite spot? Why does the ocean act like this and not otherwise? Where does the Northern Lights come from? In Windy.app Meteorological Textbook (WMT) we are explaining in simple words the processes in the atmosphere, the ocean, and the earth. To keep an eye on the weather is even more interesting with Windy.app!

The Windy.app Meteorological Textbook (WMT) front cover showing the Coriolis force. Illustration: Valerya Milovanova, design: Ivan Kuznetsov / Windy.app

The idea of the textbook is to explain to you the basic, most interesting, and just bright meteorological and physical terms and phenomena in a simple language. So simple that no one else does so except Windy.app. So you read about the particular terms, understand everything and you have no questions. And you can retell it to others.

Take the past lessons right on this page and subscribe for the weekly newsletter to get the new lessons right to your email.

Atmosphere (Air)

Layers of atmosphere

Five main layers of atmosphere

Ozone holes

Carbon footprints

Why are autumn and winter so dreary, and what can we do about it?

Temperature

Air temperature

Types of air temperature

Heating of the atmosphere from the ground

Dew point temperature

Thermal column

Stable and unstable atmospheric stratification

Heat waves

Abnormally cold temperatures

The Coldest Places On Earth

Cold waves

Precipitation

Types of precipitation

Downpour (heavy rain)

Monsoon rains

Drizzle

Acid rain

Rain making

Colored Rains

Snow on the top of the mountains

Snow and ice pellets

Rare snow phenomena

Tree wells or snow traps

Slush (mix of snow and water)

Eating snow

Hail

Fog formation

Fog in the mountains

Glaciers

Wind

Types of wind

Trade winds

Monsoons

Local winds

Breeze wind

Mistral wind

Bora wind

Mountain and valley winds

Föhn wind

Jet streams

Wind gusts

Squalls

Clouds

Types of clouds

Cirrus uncinus clouds

Anvil clouds

Lenticular clouds

Polar stratospheric clouds

Virga clouds

Night-glowing clouds

Cumulus clouds

Cumulonimbus clouds

Nimbostratus clouds

Mammatus clouds

Wave clouds

Roll clouds

Atmospheric rivers and lakes

Humidity

The weight of humid and dry air

Turbulence

Turbulence

Weather fronts

Weather fronts

Cold fronts and warm weather fronts

Tropical cyclones

Typhoons

Hurricanes

Cyclones rotation

Medicanes

Tornadoes

Tornado

Dust storm

Sand storm

Dust devil

Atmospheric pressure

Atmospheric pressure

High and low atmospheric pressure

Atmospheric optics

Rainbow

Halo (circle around the Sun)

Aurora

Polar night

Blue color of the sky

Unusual colors of the sky

Mirages

Light pillars

Alpenglow

Atmospheric electricity

St. Elmo's fire

Lightning

Volcanic lightning

Thunderstorms and flying

Thunderstorm

How to protect yourself from lightning

Coriolis force

Coriolis force

Hydrosphere (Water)

Temperature

Sea temperature in Mediterranean Sea

Waves

Sea waves

Bioluminescent waves

Tsunami

Currents

Types of ocean currents

Ocean currents

Density currents

Rip currents

Gulf Stream

Thermohaline circulation

El Niño

Brinicle — the underwater stalactite

Tides

Tides

Floods

Spring floods and freshets

Lithosphere (Land)

Volcanos

Earthquakes

Quicksand

Antarctica's Blood Falls

Namibian Witches' Rings

Сraters in Siberia

Biosphere (Life)

Solunar

Solunar theory

Animal rain

Magnetosphere (Magnetism)

Earth's magnetic field

Magnetic field

Reversal of Earth's magnetic poles

Geomagnetic storms

Outer space (Cosmos)

Moon

Phases of the moon

Stars

Looking at the stars

Celestial navigation

Activities

The Physics of Surfing

The physics of Wakeboarding and water skiing

The physics of Windsurfing

The physics of skiing and snowboarding

Human survival at great depths

The light and dark side of wind power generation

Updated on March 20, 2024

Text: Windy.app team, Ivan Kuznetsov